Limestones and marls for cement and lime industries

2022

Resources and output

The documented anticipated economic resources of the discussed raw material group amounted as of the end of 2022 to 18,183.75 million tonnes including 12,690.26 million tonnes (69.8% of total anticipated economic resources) within 70 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,493.49 million tonnes (30.2% of resources) within 128 deposits for the lime industry.

In comparison with the previous year, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls documented for the cement industry increased by 31.44 million tonnes. The positive balance resulted from increases – due to:

• resources updating of the Barcin-Piechcin-Pakość deposit (only for the Barcin-Piechcin area: simplification of the resources classification, lack of resources allocation within protective pillars, correction of the deposit boundaries – the total growth by 61.33 million tonnes);

   

• more detailed deposits exploration and resources reclassification (the total growth by 0.40 million tonnes).

and increases coming from the exploitation carried out in 17 mines (29.67 million tonnes), correction of the Działoszyn-Trębaczew deposit boundaries (drop by 0.38 million tonnes) and settlement of the exploitation losses (drop by 0.24 million tonnes).

In 2022, the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 19.10 million tonnes and the main factors affecting the resources changes were:

• the output from 23 active mining plants – the total drop by 20.45 million tonnes;
• more detailed deposits exploration, resources reclassification, settlement of the exploitation losses – the total drop by 1.11 million tonnes;
• including into ‘The balance…’ 3 new deposits with total resources equal 2.71 million tonnes: Drugnia Rządowa II (the Miocene lithothamnion limestones), Lisowice and Lisowice I (the Oxfordian limestones);
• more detailed deposits exploration and the exploitation beyond documentation boundaries – the total growth by 0.49 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 34.1% of the total resources documented for the cement industry and 39.3% of the total resources for the lime industry. The economic resources of limestones and marls for the cement industry decreased by 29.27 million tonnes (1.5%) in comparison with 2021 and amounted to 1,868.38 million tonnes. The economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 20.01 million tonnes (1.7%) in comparison with 2021 and amounted to 1,156.37 million tonnes. The economic resources, established for exploited deposits of the raw material for the cement industry, are equal 1,823.19 million tonnes accounting for 42.1% of their geological resources (4,332.78 million tonnes). Regarding the raw material for the lime industry – the economic resources within exploited deposits are equal 1,152.06 million tonnes accounting for 53.4% of the geological resources (2,159.28 million tonnes).

In 2022, the total output of the given raw materials was equal 50.12 million tonnes – that is by 2.12 million tonnes more than in the previous year (the growth by 4.4%). The increasing tendency has been recorded almost incessantly for 10 years. The output of the raw material for the cement industry amounted to 29.67 million tonnes and increased by 1.72 million tonnes (6.1%) in comparison with the previous year. The output of the raw material for the lime industry increased by 0.40 million tonnes (that is by 2.0%) and amounted to 20.45 million tonnes. The rock mining of discussed raw materials has been for many years concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 43.8% (21.98 million tonnes) of the domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 20.1% (10.05 million tonnes) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.7% – 7.89 million tonnes). For a couple of years, the exploitation in the following Voivodeships has been systematically increasing: Łódzkie Voivodeship (8.8% of the domestic output), Lubelskie Voivodeship (5.4%) and Małopolskie Voivodeship (4.3%). For the cement industry purposes, the biggest exploited amounts are of limestones and marls (65.3% of the total output), and then limestones (25.4%) and chalk (9.2%). in the case of the raw material for lime industry, the exploitation covers practically only pure limestones.

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2022.

 

The state of the resources exploration together with the state of development and the output volume from the particular limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented in Table 3, whereas for the lime industry in Table 4.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Stobiec, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód both types of the raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

The prospective resources of the raw materials for the cement and lime industries (limestones and marls) amount to about 120,381.03 million tonnes, whereas the majority of resources is located in Opolskie Voivodeship (about 49.8% of the resources – the Triassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls) and Małopolskie resources (about 29.9% of the resources – the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls)*. The estimated prognostic resources of the industry limestones and marls amount to about 6,429.22 million tonnes and their distribution is concentrated in Lubelskie Voivodeship (about 68.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous opokas, limestones and marls) and Opolskie Voivodeship (about 19.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and ‘writing’ chalk). The prospective and prognostic resources are concentrated mainly within 5 deposit regions: opolski, śląski, krakowsko-częstochowski, tomaszowski and świętokrzyski – these regions fit in with the current centers of the cement and lime production and the production of the industry limy stone.

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

* Brzeziński D., 2020 – ‘Wapienie i margle przemysłowe – wapienie i margle dla przemysłu cementowego i wapienniczego (limestones and marls for cement and lime industry)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 276-281. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].

2021

Resources and output

The documented anticipated economic resources of the discussed raw material group amounted as of the end of 2021 to 18,171.41 million tonnes including 12,658.82 million tonnes (69.7% of total anticipated economic resources) within 70 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,512.59 million tonnes (30.3% of resources) within 125 deposits for the lime industry.

In comparison with the previous year, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls documented for the cement industry decreased by 29.73 million tonnes. The negative balance resulted from decreases – due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 17 mines (27.95 million tonnes),

   

• the current verification or adjustment of resources and the more detailed deposits exploration (the total drop by 2.45 million tonnes);

and increases coming from the better exploration of deposits, the resources reclassification and recalculation, the resources adjustment for the previous year, (the total growth by 0.67 million tonnes).

In 2021, the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 19.70 million tonnes and the main factors affecting the resources changes were:

• the output from 23 active mining plants – the total drop by 20.05 million tonnes,
• the more detailed deposits exploration, the resources reclassification, the settlement of the exploitation losses and the resources corrections for the previous year – the total drop by 1.65 million tonnes,
• including into ‘The balance…’ the resources of the Szczyty II deposit (1.80 million tonnes) in which among the sand and gravel there was also the accompanying raw material documented – the Oxfordian limestones for the fertilizer lime production,
• the more detailed deposits exploration, the resources correction and the exploitation beyond documentation boundaries – the total growth by 0.20 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 34.0% of the total resources documented for the cement industry and 39.6% of the total resources for the lime industry. The economic resources of limestones and marls for the cement industry decreased by 29.83 million tonnes (1.5%) in comparison with 2020 and amounted to 1,897.65 million tonnes. The economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 12.31 million tonnes (1.0%) in comparison with 2020 and amounted to 1,176.38 million tonnes. The economic resources, established for exploited deposits of the raw material for the cement industry, are equal 1,852.46 million tonnes accounting for 43.1% of their geological resources (4,301.33 million tonnes). Regarding the raw material for the lime industry – the economic resources within exploited deposits are equal 1,172.07 million tonnes accounting for 53.7% of the geological resources (2,180.96 million tonnes).

In 2021, the total output of the given raw materials was equal 48.00 million tonnes – that is by 0.52 million tonnes more than in the previous year (the growth by 1.1%). The output of the raw material for the cement industry amounted to 27.95 million tonnes and decreased by 0.36 million tonnes (1.3%) in comparison with the previous year. The output of the raw material for the lime industry increased by 0.88 million tonnes (that is by 4.6%) and amounted to 20.05 million tonnes. The rock mining of discussed raw materials has been for many years concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 45.0% (21.58 million tonnes) of the domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries; Opolskie with the share of 19.8% (9.52 million tonnes) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.2% – 7.29 million tonnes). In 2021, there was further mining activity intensifying growth recorded on the area of Łódzkie Voivodeship – the output reached the level of 4.22 million tonnes (8.8% of the domestic output of both raw materials). The significant increase was also noted on the area of Małopolskie Voivodeship – in 2021 there was only the raw material for the lime industry exploited – where the output at the level of 2.06 million tonnes accounted for 4.3% of the domestic volume of both raw material types.

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2021.

 

The state of the resources exploration together with the state of development and the output volume from the particular limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented in Table 3, whereas for the lime industry in Table 4.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Stobiec, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód both types of the raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

The prospective resources of the raw materials for the cement and lime industries (limestones and marls) amount to about 120,381.03 million tonnes, whereas the majority of resources is located in Opolskie Voivodeship (about 49.8% of the resources – the Triassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls) and Małopolskie resources (about 29.9% of the resources – the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls)*. The estimated prognostic resources of the industry limestones and marls amount to about 6,429.22 million tonnes and their distribution is concentrated in Lubelskie Voivodeship (about 68.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous opokas, limestones and marls) and Opolskie Voivodeship (about 19.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and ‘writing’ chalk). The prospective and prognostic resources are concentrated mainly within five deposit regions: opolski, śląski, krakowsko-częstochowski, tomaszowski and świętokrzyski – these regions fit in with the current centers of the cement and lime production and the production of the industry limy stone.

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

* Brzeziński D., 2020 – ‘Wapienie i margle przemysłowe – wapienie i margle dla przemysłu cementowego i wapienniczego (limestones and marls for cement and lime industry)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 276-281. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].

2020

Resources and output

The documented anticipated economic resources of the discussed raw material group amounted as of the end of 2020 to 18,220.84 million tonnes including 12,688.55 million tonnes (69.6% of total anticipated economic resources) within 70 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,532.29 million tonnes (30.4% of resources) within 124 deposits for the lime industry.

In comparison with the previous year, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls documented for the cement industry decreased by 6.23 million tonnes. The negative balance was the result of:

Decreases – due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 18 mines (28.32 million tonnes);
• the settlement of the resources of Upper-Cretaceous marls deposit Rejowiec I due to its northern border change (the drop by 11.13 million tonnes);
• the current verification or adjustment of resources and the better deposits exploration (the total drop by 1.75 million tonnes).

Increases – due to:

• the better exploration of deposits, the resources reclassification and recalculation, the resources adjustment for the previous year, the overrunning the documentation borders with the exploitation (the total growth by 24.06 million tonnes);
• the including into ‘The balance…’ the Devonian marly limestones and marls deposit Stobiec (initially documented as dimension and crushed stones deposit) with the resources equal 10.90 million tonnes.

In 2020 the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry increased by 96.87 million tonnes and the main factors affecting the resources changes were:

• the including 4 new deposits into ‘The balance…’ – with the total resources equal 116.65 million tonnes: the Devonian marly limestones and marls deposit Stobiec (59.44 million tonnes, initially documented as dimension and crushed stones deposits), the Oxford limestones deposits Raciszyn and Raciszyn II (44.07 million tonnes and 12.92 million tonnes, respectively; both initially documented as dimension and crushed stones deposits), the Triassic limestones deposit Świbie-Goj (0.23 million tonnes);
• the better deposits exploration and resources reclassification – the total growth by 0.17 million tonnes;
• the output from 26 active mining plants – the total drop by 19.17 million tonnes;
• the better deposits exploration, the resources reclassification, the settlement of the exploitation losses and the resources adjustment for the previous year – the total drop by 0.80 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 34.1% of the total resources documented for the cement industry and 38.3% of the total resources for the lime industry.

The economic resources of limestones and marls for the cement industry decreased by 93.12 million tonnes (4.6%) in comparison with 2019 and amounted to 1,927.47 million tonnes. The economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 11.20 million tonnes (0.9%) in comparison with 2019 and amounted to 1,188.69 million tonnes. The economic resources, established for exploited deposits of the raw material for the cement industry, are equal 4,331.06 million tonnes accounting for 43.5% of their geological resources. Regarding the raw material for the lime industry – the economic resources within exploited deposits are equal 2,216.52 million tonnes (55.9% of the geological resources).

In 2020, the output of the raw material for the cement industry amounted to 28.32 million tonnes and increased by 0.13 million tonnes (0.5%) in comparison with the previous year. The output of the raw material for the lime industry dropped by 0.10 million tonnes (0.5%) and amounted to 19.17 million tonnes. The rock mining of discussed raw materials is concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 46.6% (21.19 million tonnes) of the domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 20.4% (9.70 million tonnes) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.6% – 7.34 million tonnes). The most significant growth of mining activity was recorded on the area of Łódzkie Voivodeship – it accounted for almost 9% of the domestic output (4.08 million tonnes). In 2020 the output of both raw materials amounted to 47.48 million tonnes and increased by 0.03 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year (the exploitation of the raw material for the cement industry grew by 0.13 million tonnes, whereas of the raw material for the lime industry dropped by 0.10 million tonnes).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2020.

 

The state of the resources exploration together with the state of development and the output volume from the particular limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented in Table 3, whereas for the lime industry in Table 4.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód both types of the raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

The prospective resources of the raw materials for the cement and lime industries (limestones and marls) amount to about 120,381.03 million tonnes, whereas the majority of resources is located in Opolskie Voivodeship (about 49.8% of the resources – the Triassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls) and Małopolskie resources (about 29.9% of the resources – the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls)*. The estimated prognostic resources of the industry limestones and marls amount to about 6,429.22 million tonnes and their distribution is concentrated in Lubelskie Voivodeship (about 68.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous opokas, limestones and marls) and Opolskie Voivodeship (about 19.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and ‘writing’ chalk). The prospective and prognostic resources are concentrated mainly within 5 deposit regions: opolski, śląski, krakowsko-częstochowski, tomaszowski and świętokrzyski – these regions fit in with the current centers of the cement and lime production and the production of the industry limy stone.

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

* Brzeziński D., 2020 – ‘Wapienie i margle przemysłowe – wapienie i margle dla przemysłu cementowego i wapienniczego (limestones and marls for cement and lime industry)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 276-281. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].

2019

Resources and output

The documented anticipated economic resources of the discussed raw material group amounted as of the end of 2019 to 18,130.21 million tonnes including 12,694.79 million tonnes (70.0% of total anticipated economic resources) within 69 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,435.42 million tonnes (30.0% of resources) within 120 deposits for the lime industry.

In comparison with the previous year, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls documented for the cement industry decreased by 29.13 million tonnes and the number of deposits have not changed since 2018. The negative balance was the result of:

Increases – due to:

• the better exploration of deposits and the resources reclassification (the total growth by 0.43 million tonnes).

Decreases – due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 19 mines (28.19 million tonnes);
• the current verification or adjustment of resources, the better deposits exploration and the losses settlement (the total drop by 1.38 million tonnes).

In 2019 the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 13.96 million tonnes and the number of deposits have not changed since 2018. The main factors affecting the resources changes were:

• the output from 23 active mining plants – the drop by 19.27 million tonnes;
• the better deposits exploration, the borders correction, the resources reclassification, the exceeding of the current documentation borders by the exploitation and the resources adjustment for the previous year – the total growth by 5.74 million tonnes;
• the resources reclassification – the total drop by 0.25 million tonnes;
• the settlement of the exploitation losses – the total drop by 0.17 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 34.2% of the total resources documented for the cement industry and 38.3% of the total resources for the lime industry.

The economic resources of limestones and marls for the cement industry increased by 7.59 million tonnes (0.4%) in comparison with 2018 and amounted to 2,020.59 million tonnes. The economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 17.14 million tonnes (1.4%) in comparison with 2018 and amounted to 1,199.89 million tonnes.

The rock mining of discussed raw materials is concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 46.8% of the domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 20.7% and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.6%). The exploitation of both raw materials amounted in 2019 to 47.45 million tonnes and increased by 0.46 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. It was mainly the result of the output growth of limestones for the lime industry by 0.49 million tonnes, whereas the production of raw material for the cement industry dropped by 0.03 million tonnes in the relation to the previous year. The most significant growth of limestones and marls for the cement industry output was recorded on the area of the following Voivodeships: Opolskie (the growth by 0.25 million tonnes), Świętokrzyskie (the growth by 0.15 million tonnes) and Małopolskie (the growth by 0.09 million tonnes). For the remaining Voivodeships (Łódzkie and Mazowieckie) the output growth was minor, whereas for Dolnośląskie and Lubelskie Voivodeships there were the output drops. In the case of limestones and marls for the cement industry, the exploitation grew within the area of the following Voivodeships: Łódzkie (the growth by 0.46 million tonnes), Świętokrzyskie (the growth by 0.28 million tonnes) and Dolnośląskie (the growth by 0.05 million tonnes) – the remaining Voivodeships i.e. Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Opolskie and Śląskie were characterized by the output decreases (by 0.82 million tonnes in total).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2019.

 

The state of the resources exploration together with the state of development and the output volume from the particular limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented in Table 3, whereas for the lime industry in Table 4.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód both types of the raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

The prospective resources of the raw materials for the cement and lime industries (limestones and marls) amount to about 120,381.03 million tonnes, whereas the majority of resources is located in Opolskie Voivodeship (about 49.8% of the resources – the Triassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls) and Małopolskie resources (about 29.9% of the resources – the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and marls)*. The estimated prognostic resources of the industry limestones and marls amount to about 6,429.22 million tonnes and their distribution is concentrated in Lubelskie Voivodeship (about 68.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous opokas, limestones and marls) and Opolskie Voivodeship (about 19.3% of the resources – the Jurassic and the Cretaceous limestones and ‘writing’ chalk). The prospective and prognostic resources are concentrated mainly within 5 deposit regions: opolski, śląski, krakowsko-częstochowski, tomaszowski and świętokrzyski – these regions fit in with the current centers of the cement and lime production and the production of the industry limy stone.

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

* Brzeziński D., 2020 – ‘Wapienie i margle przemysłowe – wapienie i margle dla przemysłu cementowego i wapienniczego (limestones and marls for cement and lime industry)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 276-281. PIG-PIB, Warszawa.

2018

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in the lime or cement industries. The compact varieties of limestones used as dimension and crushed stones, and also a lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and a proper (“writing”) chalk used in industries other than the cement and lime ones, are discussed in a separate section.

The limestones with the CaCO₃ content exceeding 90% are the raw material used in the lime industry. The types of limestones meeting additional (mainly chemical) criteria are used in the chemical industry, the metallurgical industry (as a metallurgical flux), the sugar industry, for the production of a lime powder, including sorbents for a flue gas desulphurization. When used as a so-called ‘high raw material’ (incomplete) in a manufacture of a cement clinker, they should be supplemented with an addition of clay raw materials. The marly limestones and marls are useful only in the cement industry. In this case, the CaCO₃ content can be much lower (below 80%) but other chemical ingredients contents and their percentages ratio are quite important.

The cement and lime raw materials occur quite commonly in various geological formations, mainly in southern and central Poland. Almost 60% of documented resources are of the Jurrasic age. Quite important are also the Devonian, Triassic and Cretaceous limestones, whereas Precambrian, Cambrian, Carboniferous and Neogene are of a minor importance. The majority of resources is located within 4 regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones have been documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław (Kujawy area).

Anticipated economic resources of the discussed raw material group amounted as of the end of 2018 to 18,173.30 million tonnes including 12,723.92 million tonnes (70.0% of total anticipated economic resources) within 69 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,449.38 million tonnes (30.0% of resources) within 120 deposits for the lime industry.

In comparison with the previous year, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls documented for the cement industry decreased by 30.48 million tonnes and the number of deposits dropped by one as Góra Siewierska deposit was crossed out from the domestic balance. The negative balance was the result of:

Increases – due to:

• the updating of resources of limestones deposit Działoszyn-Trębaczew as a result of an internal dump involving into the deposit area (the growth equal 9.98 million tonnes);
• the better exploration of deposits and the resources reclassification (the total growth by 0.48 million tonnes).

Decreases – due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 19 mines (28.21 million tonnes);
• the resources reclassification (the total drop by 11.99 million tonnes);
• the current verification or adjustment of resources, the better deposits exploration and the losses settlement (the total drop by 0.74 million tonnes).

In 2018 the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 36.40 million tonnes and the number of deposits increased to 120 (Łagów deposit crossed out from ‘The balance…’ in 2017 and two new deposits: Wapiennik Lisowice III and Wapiennik Lisowice IV). The main factors affecting the resources changes were:

• the output from 22 active mining plants – the drop by 18.78 million tonnes;
• the resources reclassification – the drop by about 24.14 million tonnes;
• the better deposits exploration and the resources adjustment for the previous year – the total drop by 0.68 million tonnes;
• the settlement of the exploitation losses – the total drop by 0.08 million tonnes;
• the updating of a limestones deposit Wierzbica resources as a result of the deposit borders extension in the northern and southern directions – the growth by 5.53 million tonnes;
• the documentation of two new limestones deposits: Wapiennik Lisowice III and Wapiennik Lisowice IV – the total growth by 0.96 million tonnes;
• the better deposit exploration, the resources reclassification, the exceeding of the current documentation borders by the exploitation and the resources adjustment for the previous year – the total growth by 0.78 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 34.3% of total resources documented for the cement industry and 37.1% of total resources for the lime industry.

The rock mining of discussed raw materials is concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 46.3% of domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 20.7% and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (16.7%). The exploitation of both raw materials amounted in 2018 to 46.99 million tonnes and increased by 3.72 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. It was mainly the result of the output growth of limestones for the cement industry by 3.03 million tonnes, whereas the production of raw material for the lime industry increased by 0.69 million tonnes in the relation to the previous year. The most significant growth of limestones and marls for the cement industry output was recorded on the area of the following Voivodeships: Opolskie (the growth by 1.99 million tonnes), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (the growth by 1.25 million tonnes), Świętokrzyskie (the growth by 0.48 million tonnes). For the remaining Voivodeships (Dolnośląskie, Lubelskie, Śląskie) the output growth was equal 0.11 million tonnes in total. Only in Łódzkie Voivodeship the output dropped – by 0.63 million tonnes. In the case of limestones and marls for the lime industry, the exploitation grew within the area of the following Voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie (the growth by 0.65 million tonnes) and Małopolskie, Łódzkie and Lubelskie (the total growth by 0.11 million tonnes); the remaining Voivodeships i.e. Dolnośląskie, Mazowieckie and Opolskie were characterized by the output decreases (by 0.07 million tonnes in total).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2018.

The state of the resources exploration together with the state of development and the output volume from the particular limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented in Table 3, whereas for the lime industry in Table 4.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód both types of the raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2017

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in the lime or cement industries. Compact varieties of limestone used in the production of Dimension and crushed stones are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk used in industries other than the cement and lime ones.

Limestones used as a raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with the high content of CaCO₃ (>90%). Some types of limestones – meeting additional (mainly chemical) criteria – are also used in the chemical industry, the metallurgical industry (as a metallurgical flux), the sugar industry, for the production of lime powder, including sorbents for flue gas desulphurization. When used as a so-called ‘high raw material’ (incomplete) in a manufacture of a cement clinker, they should be supplemented with an addition of clay raw materials. Marly limestones and marls are useful only in the cement industry. In this case, the CaCO₃ content can be much lower (below 80%) but other chemical ingredients contents and their percentages ratio are quite important.

Cement and lime raw materials occur quite common in various geological formations, mainly in southern and central Poland. Almost 60% of documented resources are of Jurrasic age. Quite important are also Devonian, Triassic and Cretaceous limestones, whereas Precambrian, Cambrian, Carboniferous and Neogene are of a minor importance. The majority of resources occur within 4 regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones have been documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław (Kujawy area).

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted in 2017 to 18,240.18 million tonnes including 12,754.40 million tonnes (69.9% of total anticipated economic resources) within 70 deposits documented for the cement industry and 5,485.78 million tonnes (30.1% of resources) within 119 deposits for the lime industry.

In 2017, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for the cement industry decreased by 51.69 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. The number of deposits has not changed since 2016. The negative balance was the result of:

Increases – due to:

• the current verification and recalculation of deposits resources and the exceeding of the current documentation borders by the exploitation (about 0.24 million tonnes).

Decreases – due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 18 mines (25.19 million tonnes);
• the current verification or resources adjustment, better exploration of deposits and the losses settlement (about 3.65 million tonnes);
• the crossing out the limestones deposit Góra Siewierska from ‘The balance…’ (23.10 million tonnes).

In 2017 the anticipated economic resources of limestones for the lime industry decreased by 40.87 million tonnes. The main factors affecting it were:

• the output from 19 active mining plants (−18.09 million tonnes);
• the crossing out the limestones deposits Łagów from ‘The balance…’ due to the environmental and planning conflicts – total decrease equal 20.55 million tonnes;
• the better exploration of deposits, reclassification and recalculation of resources and the losses settlement – the drop equal about 0.29 million tonnes;
• the output settlement and the updating of resources for limestones deposit Sulejów as a result of the qualification of the parameters that define the deposit and its borders – the drop equal about 6.14 million tonnes;
• the updating of Zakącie deposit resources due to the allocation of Zakącie 1 deposit – the drop equal 0.18 million tonnes;
• the output settlement and the updating of resources for limestones deposit Czatkowice due to the deposit borders changes, the allocation of anticipated sub-economic resources and the resignation of petrified limestones (so-called hornfels) allocation – the growth equal about 3.95 million tonnes;
• the documentation of a new marls deposit Zakącie 1 – the resources increase by 0.19 million tonnes;
• the current verification and the resources recalculation, the exceeding of the current documentation borders by the exploitation and the better deposits exploration – the growth equal about 0.24 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for the cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) account for 33.5% of total resources documented for the cement industry and 32.2% of total resources for the lime industry.

The mining of discussed raw materials is concentrated in the area of 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 47.7% of domestic output of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 17.9% and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.3%). The exploitation of both raw materials amounted in 2017 to 43.28 million tonnes and increased by 0.97 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. It was mainly the result of the production growth for limestones for the lime industry (by 0.63 million tonnes), whereas the production of raw material for the cement industry increased by 0.34 million tonnes. The growth of limestones and marls for the lime industry production was recorded in Lubelskie (by 11%), Świętokrzyskie (by 5%), and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (by 2%) Voivodeships. In the areas of other voivodeships there were the exploitation drops (Dolnośląskie – by 55%, Opolskie – by 9%, Śląskie – by 6% and Łódzkie – by 1%). In the case of limestones and marls for the cement industry, the significant output growth was recorded in Opolskie (by 9%) and Świętokrzyskie (by 5%) Voivodeships – other voivodeships were characterized by the output decreases.

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of the exploration and development of limestone and marls deposits explored for the needs of the cement industry and Table 2 for the lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2017.

In a couple of deposits: Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód) both types of raw material occur – limestones and marls for cement industry and limestones for lime industry.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2016

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime or cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in the production of dimension and crushed stones are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk used in industries other than the cement and lime ones.

Limestones used as a raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃ (>90%). Some types of limestones – meeting additional (mainly chemical) criteria – are also used in chemical, iron and steel and sugar industries, for production of lime powder including sorbents for flue gas desulphurization. When used as so called ‘high raw material’ (incomplete) in a manufacture of a cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Marly limestones and marls are useful only in the cement industry. In this case, the CaCO₃ content can be much lower (below 80%) but other chemical ingredients contents and their percentages ratio are quite important.

Cement and lime raw materials occur quite common in various geological formations, mainly in southern and central Poland. Almost 60% of documented resources are of Jurrasic age. Quite important are also Devonian, Triassic and Cretaceous limestones, whereas Precambrian, Cambrian, Carboniferous and Neogene are of a minor importance. Majority of resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted in 2016 to 18,332.74 million tonnes including 12,806.09 million tonnes (69.9%) within 70 deposits documented for cement industry and 5,526.65 million tonnes (30.1%) within 118 deposits for lime industry.

In 2016, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry decreased by 26.78 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. The number of deposits has not changed since 2015. The negative balance was the result of:

increases due to:

• the current verification and recalculation of deposits resources (about 0.22 million tonnes);

decreases due to:

• the exploitation carried out in 18 mines (24.85 million tonnes);
• the current verification or resources adjustment, better exploration of deposits and loesses settlement (about 2.15 million tonnes).

In 2016 the anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry decreased by 38.17 million tonnes. The main factors affecting it were:

• the output from 18 active mines (−17.46 million tonnes);
• the crossing out 2 deposits from ‘The balance…’: Ostrówka and Ołowianka – total decrease equal 251.98 million tonnes;
• the better exploration of deposits, reclassification and recalculation of resources and the losses settlement – the drop equal about 0.52 million tonnes;
• the updating of resources for limestones deposit Trzuskawica as a result of a deposit piece depleting – the drop equal about 14.88 million tonnes;
• the documentation of 2 new limestones deposits: Ostrówka and Sudół – the resources increase by 218.84 million tonnes;
• the extension of boundaries and resources updating for Ołowianka 1 deposit – the increase by 27.76 million tonnes;
• the verification of resources and better exploration of deposits – the growth by about 0.07 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) states for 33.6% of total resources documented for cement industry and 32.2% of total resources for lime industry.

The mining of discussed raw materials is concentrated in the area of three voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie which accounts for 46.6% of domestic production of limestones and marls for cement and lime industries, Opolskie with the share of 18.6% and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (15.3%). The production of both raw materials amounted in 2016 to 42.31 million tonnes and decreased by 0.79 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. It was mainly the result of production drop for limestones for lime industry (by 1.19 million tonnes), whereas the production of raw material for cement industry increased by 0.40 million tonnes. The most significant drop of limestones and marls for lime industry production was recorded in Łódzkie (by 48%), Małopolskie (9%), Opolskie (6%) and Świętokrzyskie (6%) Voivodeships. In the case of limestones and marls for cement industry, the significant output growth was observed in Dolnośląskie (by 62%) and Śląskie (13%) Voivodeships. The minor drops were recorded for Lubelskie (by 6%) and Opolskie (4%) Voivodeships. Other voivodeships were characterized by 3-5% output increases.

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2016.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2015

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime and cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in production of dimension and crushed stones are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk raw material used in industries other than the cement and lime ones.

Limestones used as raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃ (>90%). Some types of limestones – meeting additional (mainly chemical) criteria – are also used in chemical, iron and steel and sugar industries. When used in the manufacture of cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Marly limestones and marls are useful in the cement industry and the CaCO₃ content can be lower than 80% but other chemical ingredients contents are quite important.

Limestones and marls raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Almost 60% of documented resources are of Jurassic age. Quite important are also Devonian, Triassic and Cretaceous limestones. Most resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted in 2015 to 18,397.70 million tonnes including 12,832.87 million tonnes (69.8%) within 70 deposits for cement industry and 5,564.83 million tonnes (30.2%) within 118 deposits for lime industry.

In 2015, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry decreased by 0.60 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. The number of deposits has not changed since 2014 but there were:

• new boundaries and recalculated resources approved for Kowala (+24.31 million tonnes) deposit;
• the resources updating for other deposits (+0.11 million tonnes);
• exploitation carried out within 18 mines (−24.45 million tonnes);
• verification of resources and losses (−0.57 million tonnes).

The anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry decreased by 26.00 million tonnes due to:

• the output from 18 mines (−18.66 million tonnes);
• crossing out Wojcieszów-Gruszka and Wojcieszów-Miłek deposits from ‘The balance…’ (−8.68 million tonnes);
• the recalculation of resources due to the better exploration (−0.88 million tonnes);
• the documentation of two new deposits – Dobrut and Dobrut 1 (+1.75 million tonnes);
• the verification of resources (+0.48 million tonnes).

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) states for 33.8% of total resources for cement industry and 33.5% of total resources for lime industry.

Production of these raw materials is concentrated within 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie (accounts for 46.9% of domestic production), Opolskie (19.1%) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (14.5%). Production of both raw materials amounted to 43.10 million tonnes in 2015 and increased by 1.74 million tonnes – due to the growth of the limestones for lime industry production (by 2.09 million tonnes). The production of the raw materials for cement industry dropped by 0.36 million tonnes.

The most significant growth of the limestones and marls for lime industry output was noted for Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (by 19%), but the production increased also in Opolskie Voivodeship (by 3%). The production decreased in Dolnośląskie and Małopolskie Voivodeships (by 1-2%). Considering the output of the limestones and marls for cement industry, the significant drops were observed in Dolnośląskie (by 19%) and Opolskie (by 11%) Voivodeships, whereas the production increased only in Śląskie (by 11%) and Świętokrzyskie (by 8%) Voivodeships. Other voivodeships recorded only slight drops.

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2015.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2014

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime and cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in production of dimension and crushed stones are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk raw material used in industries other than the cement and lime ones.

Limestones used as raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃ (>90%). Some types of limestones – meeting additional (mainly chemical) criteria – are also used in chemical, iron and steel and sugar industries. When used in the manufacture of cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Marly limestones and marls are useful in the cement industry and the CaCO₃ content can be lower than 80% but other chemical ingredients contents are quite important.

Limestones and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Almost 60% of documented resources are of Jurrasic age. Quite important are also Devonian, Triassic and Cretaceous limestones. Most resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted in 2014 to 18,424.30 million tonnes including 12,833.47 million tonnes (69.7%) within 70 deposits for cement industry and 5,590.83 million tonnes (30.3%) within 120 deposits for lime industry.

In 2014, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry increased by 38.79 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. The number of deposits has not changed since 2013 but there were new boundaries and recalculated resources approved for Chełm (+26.90 million tonnes), Bukowa (+19.56 million tonnes), Leśnica Małogoszcz (+12.43 million tonnes) and Niwiska Górne-Grądy (+5.73 million tonnes) – total increase by 64.62 million tonnes. Resources decrease due to the output (−24.80 million tonnes) and losses (−1.21 million tonnes).

The anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry decreased by 50.10 million tonnes due to the changes within deposit boundaries and recalculation of resources for Anna, Bukowa, Łagów and Pajęczno deposits (−40.68 million tonnes), the output (−16.56 million tonnes), crossing out of ‘The balance…’ Gnieździska-Góra Lipia and Rciborowice deposits (−1.71 million tonnes). There were also two new deposits documented in 2014 – Patoki and Wapiennik Lisowice II (+7.28 million tonnes).

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operating mines and deposits exploited temporarily) states for 33.8% of total resources for cement industry and 33.7% of total resources for lime industry.

Production of these raw materials is concentrated within 3 voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie (accounts for 42.7% of domestic production), – Opolskie (21.2%); – Kujawsko-pomorskie (15.2%). Production of both raw materials amounted to 41.36 million tonnes in 2014 (increased by 2.28 million tonnes – 2.54 million tonnes production growth of raw materials for cement industry and 0.25 million tonnes drop of production of limestones for lime industry).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and Table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2014.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2013

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime and cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in production of dimension and crushed stones are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk raw material used in industries other than the cement and lime ones. Marly limestones and marls are used in the cement industry only.

Limestones used as raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃ (>90%). Such rocks also find use in the chemical and food industries and metallurgy. When used in the manufacture of cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Some soft limestone varieties and waste rock from quarrying are used in production of powdered calcium carbonate for reducing soil acidity in agriculture.

Limestones and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Most resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyski, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluński, lubelski and opolski. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Limestone and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Limestone and marl deposits are explored down to the depth capabilities governed by the equipment and method limitations for open cast mining. According to economic criteria established for this group of deposits, overburden may be up to 15 m thick at the most and maximum proportion of overburden to deposit thickness should not exceed 0.3. An additional requirement introduced limestone deposits operating for the needs of the lime industry refers to the mean content of CaCO₃ over 90% in the whole vertical section of a given deposit.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted in 2013 to 18,435.61 million tonnes including 12,794.68 million tonnes (69.4%) within 70 deposits for cement industry and 5,640.93 million tonnes (30.6%) within 119 deposits for lime industry.

In 2013, the anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry increased by 1.79 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. There were new boundaries and recalculated resources approved for Działoszyn-Trębaczew and Rudniki-Jaskrów deposits. There was only one – Celiny – deposit crossed out of ‘The balance…’.

The anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry decreased by 5.92 million tonnes mainly due to the output. There was Sosnowiec-Środula II deposit crossed out of ‘The balance…’ in 2013.

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

The anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (deposits of operaiting mines and deposits exploited temporarily) states for 32.3% of total resources for cement industry and 33.7% of total resources for lime industry.

Production of these raw materials is concentrated within 3 voivodeships: Kujawsko-pomorskie (accounts for 16.1% of domestic production); – Opolskie (19%); Świętokrzyskie (46%). Production of both raw materials amounted to 39.08 million tonnes in 2013 (decreased by 1.97 million tonnes – 2.05 million tonnes drop of production of raw materials for cement industry and 0.08 million tonnes growth of production of limestones for lime industry).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and Table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2013.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Bukowa, Gliniany-Stróża, Górażdże, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Krasocin, Strzelce Opolskie I and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2012

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime and cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in production of dimension and broken stone are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk raw material used in industries other than the cement and lime ones. Marly limestones and marls are used in the cement industry only.

Limestones used as raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃. Such rocks also find use in the chemical and food industries and metallurgy. When used in the manufacture of cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Some soft limestone varieties and waste rock from quarrying are used in production of powdered calcium carbonate for reducing soil acidity in agriculture.

Limestones and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Most resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyskim, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluńskim, lubelskim i opolskim. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Limestone and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Limestone and marl deposits are explored down to the depth capabilities governed by the equipment and method limitations for open cast mining. According to economic criteria established for this group of deposits, overburden may be up to 15 m thick at the most and maximum proportion of overburden to deposit thickness should not exceed 0.3. An additional requirement introduced limestone deposits operating for the needs of the lime industry refers to the mean content of CaCO₃ over 90% in the whole vertical section of a given deposit.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted to 18,439.74 million tonnes – 12,792.89 million tonnes (69%) within 71 deposits for cement industry and 5,646.85 million tonnes (31%) within 117 deposits for lime industry.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry increased by 283.13 million tonnes in comparison with 2011. There were resources in the Krasocin deposit documented and the boundaries of the Tarnów Opolski-Wschód deposit were extended.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry increased by 40.33 million tonnes – mainly due to new documented deposits: Ołowianka-1 and Sokołów – Kolonia and due to the extension of boundaries of the Ostrówka i Ołowianka and Tarnów Opolski-Wschód deposits.

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits states for 32.3% of total resources for cement industry and 33.9% of total resources for lime industry.

Production of these raw materials is concentrated within three voivodeships: Kujawsko-pomorskie (accounts for 17% of domestic production); – Opolskie (21%); Świętokrzyskie (44%). Production of both raw materials amounted to 41.05 million tonnes in 2012 (decreased by 7.96 million tonnes – 2.98 million tonnes of limestones and marls for cement industry and 4.98 million tonnes of limestones for lime industry).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and Table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2012.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Górażdże, Strzelce Opolskie I, Tarnów Opolski-Wschód, Bukowa and Gliniany-Stróża) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Dariusz Brzeziński

2011

This section deals with deposits of limestones and marls exploited for use in lime and cement industries. Hard varieties of limestone used in production of dimension and broken stone are discussed in a separate section, similarly as lacustrine limestone (lacustrine chalk) and proper chalk raw material used in industries other than the cement and lime ones. Marly limestones and marls are used in the cement industry only.

Limestones used as raw material in the lime industry are pure limestones with high content of CaCO₃. Such rocks also find use in the chemical and food industries and metallurgy. When used in the manufacture of cement clinker, they should be supplemented with addition of clay raw materials. Some soft limestone varieties and waste rock from quarrying are used in production of powdered calcium carbonate for reducing soil acidity in agriculture.

Limestones and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Most resources occur within four regions: świętokrzyskim, krakowsko-częstochowsko-wieluńskim, lubelskim i opolskim. In northern Poland Jurassic limestones were documented within the Barcin-Piechcin area near Inowrocław.

Limestone and marl raw materials for the cement and lime industries are quite common in various geological formations in southern and central Poland and some other regions. Limestone and marl deposits are explored down to the depth capabilities governed by the equipment and method limitations for open cast mining. According to economic criteria established for this group of deposits, overburden may be up to 15 m thick at the most and maximum proportion of overburden to deposit thickness should not exceed 0.3. An additional requirement introduced limestone deposits operating for the needs of the lime industry refers to the mean content of CaCO₃ over 90% in the whole vertical section of a given deposit.

Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls amounted to 18,156.61 million tonnes – 12,550.09 million tonnes (69%) within 71 deposits for cement industry and 5,606.52 million tonnes (31%) within 116 deposits for lime industry. Anticipated economic resources of limestones and marls for cement industry decreased by 143.74 million tonnes in comparison with 2010. Anticipated economic resources of limestones for lime industry decreased by 43.77 million tonnes.

Limestones and marls for cement industry deposits are presented on the map.

Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits states for 33.6% of total resources for cement industry and 33.1% of total resources for lime industry.

Production of both raw materials amounted to 49 million tonnes in 2011 (increased by 8.98 million tonnes – 4.87 million tonnes of limestones and marls for cement industry and 4.11 million tonnes of limestones for lime industry).

Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of limestone and marl deposits explored for the needs of cement industry and Table 2 for lime industry.

Table 1. Limestones and marls for cement industry – million tonnes

Table 2. Limestones for lime industry – million tonnes

The figure given below shows changes in resources and production of limestones and marls for the cement and lime industries in Poland in the years 1989-2011.

In a couple of deposits (Bratkowszczyzna, Kodrąb-Dmenin, Górażdże, Strzelce Opolskie I, Tarnów Opolski-Wschód, Bukowa and Gliniany-Stróża) both types of raw material occur.

Table 3. List of limestones and marls for cement industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Table 4. List of limestones for lime industry deposits – thousand tonnes

Prepared by: Elżbieta Tołkanowicz