2023
General information and occurrence
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alkali pollutants which are characterized by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in the Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. The Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. The Miocene foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Resources and output
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 0.87 million tonnes in comparison with 2022 and amounted to 295.51 million tonnes in 2023. The resources drop is a result of the output. In 2023, there was a new documentation (supplement) with recalculated resources approved for the Ludików – Pole B deposit (the exploitation ended) – however the supplement only slightly changed the resources. Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 43.76 million tonnes accounting for 14.81% of the total anticipated economic resources of the raw material.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Table 1. Foundry sands – million tonnesThe economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 0.89 million tonnes (it means by 4.94%) in comparison with 2022 due to the exploitation and amounted to 17.14 million tonnes.
The output of foundry sands in Poland was equal 792.61 thousand tonnes in 2023 and decreased by 262.99 thousand tonnes (24.91%) in comparison with the previous year. The exploitation volume drop was mainly the result of decreasing output from the Szczakowa deposit – by 268.52 thousand tonnes (eightfold) and slightly drop of the output from the Zawisna II deposit – by 22.73 thousand tonnes (25.59%). The output from the Grudzeń-Las deposit slightly increased – by 28.26 thousand tonnes (4%). For the 3rd consecutive year, the exploitation from the Ludwików – Pole B-1 deposit was not carried out, and the exploitation of Krzeszówek deposit – in spite of a valid exploitation concession – still has not started. The exploitation from the Ludwików – Pole B deposit ended in 2023.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2023.
The prognostic resources of foundry sands are assessed of being equal 289.56 million tonnes as of 31.12.2018, including 37.44 million tonnes within the area of Opolskie Voivodeship and 252.12 million tonnes within the area of Śląskie Voivodeship*.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
* Galos K., Lewicka E., 2020 – ‘Piaski formierskie (foundry sands), piaski dla odlewnictwa (moulding sands)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 321-324. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2022
General information and occurrence
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alkali pollutants which are characterized by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in the Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. The Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. The Miocene foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Resources and output
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 1.04 million tonnes in comparison with 2021 and amounted to 296.38 million tonnes in 2022. The resources drop is a result of the output. These drops were slightly compensated by minor resources growths resulting from the ongoing exploitation. In 2022, any new documentation or a supplement to the documentation of the foundry sands was approved. Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 45.21 million tonnes accounting for 15.25% of the total anticipated economic resources of the raw material.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
The economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 1.18 million tonnes (it means by 5.82%) in comparison with 2021 due to the exploitation and amounted to 19.08 million tonnes.
The output of foundry sands in Poland was equal 1,055.60 thousand tonnes in 2022 and decreased by 164.29 thousand tonnes (13.47%) in comparison with the previous year. The exploitation volume drop was the result of decreasing output from: the Grudzeń-Las deposit – by 137 thousand tonnes (17%) and the Szczakowa deposit – by 41.44 thousand tonnes (12%). The output slightly grew from the Zawisna II deposit – by 14.15 thousand tonnes (19%). For the 4th consecutive year, the exploitation from the Ludwików – Pole B deposit was not carried out, and for the second consecutive year from the Ludwików – Pole B-1; the exploitation of Krzeszówek deposit – in spite of a valid exploitation concession – still has not started.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2022.
The prognostic resources of foundry sands are assessed of being equal 289.56 million tonnes as of 31.12.2018, including 37.44 million tonnes within the area of Opolskie Voivodeship and 252.12 million tonnes within the area of Śląskie Voivodeship*.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
* Galos K., Lewicka E., 2020 – ‘Piaski formierskie (foundry sands), piaski dla odlewnictwa (moulding sands)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 321-324. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2021
General information and occurrence
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alkali pollutants which are characterized by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in the Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. The Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. The Miocene foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Resources and output
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 2.21 million tonnes in comparison with 2020 and amounted to 297.42 million tonnes in 2021. The resources drop is a result of the output (−1.22 million tonnes) and the approval of a new documentation with recalculated resources (the supplement no. 2) for the Krzeszówek deposit (Dolnośląskie Voivodeship; −1.07 million tonnes). These drops were slightly compensated by minor resources growths resulting from the ongoing exploitation. The Krzeszówek deposit resources were settled as there was a quartz sandstones and feldspar-quartz sand deposit Krzeszówek I documented within the area of the Krzeszówek deposit. The raw material from the Krzeszówek I deposit can be used for the production of glass sands and foundry sands. Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 46.25 million tonnes accounting for 15.55% of the total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
The economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 1.18 million tonnes (it means by 5.82%) in comparison with 2020 due to the exploitation and amounted to 19.08 million tonnes.
The output of foundry sands in Poland was equal 1,219.89 thousand tonnes in 2021 and increased by 245.13 thousand tonnes (25.15%) in comparison with the previous year. The exploitation volume growth was the result of increasing output from the Grudzeń-Las deposit – by 249.85 thousand tonnes (about 50%). The output remained at the similar level for the Szczakowa and Zawisna II deposits, whereas the exploitation from the Ludwików Pole B-1 deposit was on hold. For the third consecutive year, the exploitation from the Ludwików – Pole B deposit was not carried out, moreover, the exploitation of Krzeszówek deposit – in spite of a valid exploitation concession – has not started.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2021.
The prognostic resources of foundry sands are assessed of being equal 289.56 million tonnes as of 31.12.2018, including 37.44 million tonnes within the area of Opolskie Voivodeship and 252.12 million tonnes within the area of Śląskie Voivodeship*.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
* Galos K., Lewicka E., 2020 – ‘Piaski formierskie (foundry sands), piaski dla odlewnictwa (moulding sands)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 321-324. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2020
General information and occurrence
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alcalic pollutants which are characterize by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder (cement) foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of a varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with those of glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Tertiary foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Resources and output
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased due to the output and losses by almost 1 million tonnes (996.69 thousand tonnes) and amounted to 299.63 million tonnes in 2020. Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 47.39 million tonnes accounting for 15.8% of the total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
The economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 0.98 million tonnes (it means by 4.61%) in comparison with 2019 due to the exploitation and losses and amounted to 20.26 million tonnes.
The output of foundry sands in Poland was equal 974.76 thousand tonnes in 2020 and decreased by 283.78 thousand tonnes (22.5%) in comparison with the previous year. The production volume dropped from: Grudzeń-Las deposit (by 229.56 thousand tonnes), Szczakowa deposit (by 104.64 thousand tonnes) and Ludwików Pole B-1 deposit (by 1.30 thousand tonnes). For the second consecutive year, the output from Ludwików – Pole B deposit was on hold, moreover the exploitation of Krzeszówek deposit, in spite of the valid exploitation concessions, has not started since 2005.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2020.
The prognostic resources of foundry sands are assessed of being equal 289.56 million tonnes as of 31.12.2018, including 37.44 million tonnes within the area of Opolskie Voivodeship and 252.12 million tonnes within the area of Śląskie Voivodeship*.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
* Galos K., Lewicka E., 2020 – ‘Piaski formierskie (foundry sands), piaski dla odlewnictwa (moulding sands)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 321-324. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2019
General information and occurrence
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alcalic pollutants which are characterize by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder (cement) foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of a varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with those of glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Tertiary foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Resources and output
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased due to the output and losses by 1.21 million tonnes and amounted to 300.63 million tonnes in 2019. Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 48.39 million tonnes accounting for 16.1% of total anticipated economic resources.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 49.60 million tonnes accounting for 16.4% of total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 1.05 million tonnes (it means by 4.71%) in comparison with 2018 due to the exploitation, losses and the elaboration of a new deposit development plan for Zawisna II deposit. There was also a new deposit development plan carried out for Szczakowa deposit which resulted in the economic resources growth despite the ongoing exploitation.
The output of foundry sands in Poland amounted to 1,258.54 thousand tonnes in 2019 and increased by 212.42 thousand tonnes (20.3%) in comparison with the previous year. It was the second consecutive year of the output growth after three previous consecutive years of its declining. The production volume grew from: Szczakowa deposit (by 169.81 thousand tonnes), Grudzeń-Las deposit (by 53.59 thousand tonnes), Ludwików Pole B-1 deposit (by 3.03 thousand tonnes). Moreover, the exploitation from Zawisna deposit was restarted (11.44 thousand tonnes). Again, the output from Ludwików – Pole B deposit was on hold.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2019.
The prognostic resources of foundry sands are assessed of being equal 289.56 million tonnes as of 31.12.2018, including 37.44 million tonnes within the area of Opolskie Voivodeship and 252.12 million tonnes within the area of Śląskie Voivodeship*.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
* Galos K., Lewicka E., 2020 – ‘Piaski formierskie (foundry sands), piaski dla odlewnictwa (moulding sands)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 321-324. PIG-PIB, Warszawa.
2018
Foundry sands (SiO2 content >96%) with a low content of alcalic pollutants which are characterize by a high sintering temperature, are the basic raw material for preparing moulds and cores masses (up to 90% of these masses) used in steel castings, iron castings and castings made of metals alloys. For making the steel castings the sands have to be characterized by the sintering temperature of 1,400 °C, for the iron castings – 1,350 °C, and for the non-ferrous metals castings – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural binder (cement) foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sometimes as sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of Polish foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of the country and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits are of the Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic age. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, foundry sands of a natural binder occur in infills of the karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones, forming small natural sand deposits of a varying thickness. Foundry sand deposits located in the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. Cretaceous sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with those of glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Tertiary foundry sands represented by deposits of a land environments origin occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those of a marine origin occur in the Lublin Upland. In northern Poland mainly the Quaternary age sands occur – these are sediments of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased due to the output and losses by 1.13 million tonnes and amounted to 301.84 million tonnes in 2018. On the application of the Marshall of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Bolesław deposit with zero resources was crossed out from ‘The balance..’ in 2018.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 49.60 million tonnes accounting for 16.4% of total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources of foundry sands increased by 4.12 million tonnes (22.7%) in comparison with 2017 – in spite of the exploitation and losses – due to the formal restoration of economic resources of Krzeszówek and Zawisna II deposits. For Krzeszówek deposit the exploitation concession was maintained in force, while for Zawisna II deposit in 2018 there was the exploitation concession issued for a new concession holder.
The output of foundry sands in Poland amounted to 1,046 thousand tonnes in 2018 and increased by 23.41 thousand tonnes in comparison with the previous year. It was the first year of the slight output growth after three consecutive years of its declining. The production volume dropped from: Grudzeń-Las deposit (by 19.82 thousand tonnes) and Ludwików Pole B-1 deposit (by 16.8 thousand tonnes), whereas the output increased from Szczakowa deposit (by 47.49 thousand tonnes) and the exploitation from Ludwików – Pole B restarted (12.54 thousand tonnes).
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2018.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2017
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in a metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of the cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Miocene to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, natural foundry sand deposits of a varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with those of glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands decreased due to the output and losses by 2.67 million tonnes and amounted to 302.97 million tonnes in 2017. The resources drop in non-exploited Zawisna II deposit was the result of the approval of a new documentation with recalculated resources, prepared due to the exploitation ending.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 49.21 million tonnes accounting for 16.2% of total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 2.67 million tonnes in comparison with 2016 due to the termination of the exploitation concession for Zawisna II deposit (−1.56 million tonnes), the output (−1.08 million tonnes) and losses. The output of foundry sands in 2017 amounted to 1,023 thousand tonnes and decreased by almost 60 thousand tonnes (5%) in comparison with the previous year. The output declined from Grudzeń-Las (by 56.05 thousand tonnes) and Ludwików Pole B-1 (by 6.18 thousand tonnes) deposits and the exploitation from Ludwików – Pole B deposit was stopped. The exploitation from Szczakowa deposit increased by 8.97 thousand tonnes.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2017.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2016
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of cement and carbonates content: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications. Pure quartz sands are used as glass sands or sands for building and road industries.
Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits (map). The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Miocene to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic. In the vicinities of Częstochowa, natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża. Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (where they co-occur with those of glass sands) as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and the vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts. and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Anticipated economic resources of foundry sands increased by 15.33 million tonnes and amounted to 304.12 million tonnes in 2016. The resources growth was the result of approving a new documentation with recalculated resources for Szczakowa deposit (the extension of deposit boundaries – +15,679.71 thousand tonnes). The resources drop was caused by the exploitation (−1.08 million tonnes).
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are covered by the detailed exploration (categories A, B and C1) and are equal 51.88 million tonnes accounting for 17.1% of total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources of foundry sands decreased by 1.53 million tonnes in comparison with 2015 due to the exploitation (−1.08 million tonnes) and losses. These drops were compensated mainly by the approval of a new deposit development plan with recalculated resources for Grudzeń-Las deposit where 0.56 million tonnes of sub-economic resources were reclassified to economic resources. The output of foundry sands in 2016 amounted to 1,081 thousand tonnes and slightly decreased (by 21 thousand tonnes – 2%) in comparison with the previous year. The output from Szczakowa deposit dropped by 76.24 thousand tonnes and from Ludwików – Pole B deposit by 8.69 thousand tonnes. The exploitation from Zawisna II deposit is still on hold. The exploitation from Grudzeń-Las deposit and Ludwików Pole B-1 deposit decreased by 57.91 thousand tonnes and by 6.16 thousand tonnes, respectively.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2016.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2015
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two types of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of content of cement and carbonates: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. The raw material coming from some of foundry sands deposits can also be used in other applications – pure quartz sands as glass sands or sands for building and road industries. Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in the central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits. The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Miocene to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic.
In the vicinities of Częstochowa (map), small natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża.
Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (central Poland) where they co-occur with those of glass sands as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Miocene sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts and in Pomerania, and those formed of sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Raw material from some deposits of foundry sands may also find other uses. Pure quartz sands are used also in glass industry and sometimes in construction and road building.
Anticipated economic resources decreased by 4.06 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year and amounted to 288.79 million tonnes in 2015. The resources drop was due to the resources correction by crossing Zaborze deposit out from ‘The balance…’ (−2.92 million tonnes), the exploitation (−1.10 million tonnes) and losses.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits (A, B, C1 categories) are equal 36.55 million tonnes accounting for 12.7% of total anticipated economic resources.
Table 1 shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources decreased by 0.15 million tonnes in comparison with 2014 mainly due to the output (−1.10 million tonnes) and expiring of the exploitation concession for Unewel-wschód deposit (−0.97 million tonnes). On the other hand, there was a new calculation of resources within deposit development plan accepted for Grudzeń-Las deposit (the resources increased by 1.97 million tonnes).
In 2015 production of foundry sands was equal 1,103 million tonnes, decreasing by 250 thousand tonnes (18%). The exploitation dropped from Grudzeń-Las (by 254 thousand tonnes) and Ludwików – Pole B (by 38 thousand tonnes) deposits (Table 2). The output from Zawisna II deposit was stopped during the year and only 40 tonnes of raw material have been extracted.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2015.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2014
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the sintering temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two kinds of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of content of cement and carbonates: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits. The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Tertiary to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic.
In the vicinities of Częstochowa (map), small natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża.
Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (central Poland) where they cooccur with those of glass sands as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Raw material from some deposits of foundry sands may also find other uses. Pure quartz sands are used also in glass industry and sometimes in construction and road building.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 292.85 million tonnes in 2014 and decreased by 1.69 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. The drop was due to the exploitation.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are equal 37.85 million tonnes accounting for 12.9% of total anticipated economic resources.
The table below shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources increased – despite the exploitation and losses – by 2.07 million tonnes in comparison with 2013 mainly due to the new calculation of resources within deposit development plan accepted for Grudzeń-Las deposit (the resources increased by 3.48 million tonnes).
In 2014 production of foundry sands was equal 1,353 million tonnes, increasing by 42 thousand tonnes.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2014.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2013
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the sintering temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two kinds of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of content of cement and carbonates: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits. The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Tertiary to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic.
In the vicinities of Częstochowa (map), small natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża.
Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (central Poland) where they cooccur with those of glass sands as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Raw material from some deposits of foundry sands may also find other uses. Pure quartz sands are used also in glass industry and sometimes in construction and road building.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 294.54 million tonnes in 2013 and decreased by 19.75 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year. There was one deposit crossed out of ‘The balance…’ – Sulechowo (with resources equal 4.45 million tonnes). The raw material from Czerwona Woda deposit was reclassified as sands and the deposit is presented in the ‘Sand and gravel’ chapter.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are equal 40 million tonnes accounting for 13.6% of total anticipated economic resources. These resources decreased by 23.77 million tonnes mainly due to the end of Krzeszówek deposit exploitation (−8.9 million tonnes).
The table below shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
Economic resources decreased by 14.25 million tonnes in comparison with 2012 mainly through the end of Krzeszówek deposit exploitation and reclassification of raw material from Czerwona Woda deposit.
In 2013 production of foundry sands was equal 1,311 million tonnes – increased by 105 thousand tonnes.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2013.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2012
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the sintering temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two kinds of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of content of cement and carbonates: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits. The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Tertiary to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic.
In the vicinities of Częstochowa (map), small natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża.
Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (central Poland) where they cooccur with those of glass sands as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Raw material from some deposits of foundry sands may find other uses also. Pure quartz sands are used also in glass industry and sometimes in construction and road building.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 314.3 million tonnes in 2012 and decreased by 22.3 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year – there were three deposist crossed out of ‘The balance…’: Unewel-Zachów, Biała Góra I-Wschód and Biała Góra II-Wschód.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are equal 63.76 million tonnes accounting for 20% of total anticipated economic resources.
The table below shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
In 2012 production of foundry sands was equal 1,206 million tonnes.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2012.
Economic resources decreased by 3.33 million tonnes in comparison with 2011.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon
2011
Foundry sands are the basic raw material for making moulds and cores used in metal casting. The sands have to be characterized by high sintering temperatures as the sintering temperature required for making cast steel is 1,400 °C, for cast iron – 1,350 °C, and for non-ferrous casting alloys – 1,200 °C. Two kinds of foundry sands are differentiated on the basis of content of cement and carbonates: pure quartz sands and natural foundry sands. Deposits of foundry sands are situated mainly in central and southern parts of Poland and usually have the form of sand sheet deposits. The sand deposits range in age from the Quaternary and Tertiary to Cretaceous and even Jurassic and Triassic.
In the vicinities of Częstochowa (map), small natural foundry sand deposits of varying thickness represent infills of karst forms developed in Upper Jurassic limestones. Foundry sand deposits from the area between Gorzów Śląski and Żarki are represented by fine- to medium-grained sands and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic age. In turn, weakly cemented sandstones or locally loose sands of the Middle Jurassic age form foundry sand deposits found in the vicinities of Szydłowiec, Wąchock, Skarżysko-Kamienna and Jagodna as well as Opoczno and Iłża.
Cretaceous deposits of foundry sands are known mainly from the Tomaszów Basin (central Poland) where they cooccur with those of glass sands as well as from the Bolesławiec Basin and vicinities of Krzeszówek in the Lower Silesian region. Foundry sand deposits formed of Tertiary sands deposited in land environments occur in the Konin area, at the margin of the Holy Cross Mts and in Pomerania, and those formed of Tertiary sands of marine origin – in the Lublin Upland. Foundry sand deposits of the Quaternary age occur in the northern Poland and are formed of sands of dune fields or fluvioglacial terrace accumulations.
Raw material from some deposits of foundry sands may find other uses also. Pure quartz sands are used also in glass industry and sometimes in construction and road building.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 336.6 million tonnes in 2011 and decreased by 1.77 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year.
Anticipated economic resources of exploited deposits are equal 88.2 million tonnes accounting for 26% of total anticipated economic resources. In 2011 number of foundry sands deposits decreased to 76 due to Ludwików p. A deposit which was crossed off the deposits list.
The table below shows resources and the state of development and exploration of foundry sands in Poland.
In 2011 production of foundry sands was equal 1,475 million tonnes.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of foundry sands in Poland in the years 1989-2011.
Economic resources decreased by 2.8 million tonnes in comparison with 2010.
Prepared by: Agnieszka Malon