2023
General information and occurrence
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (the Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (the Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (the Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The output of the native sulfur is expensive, therefore it is being replaced by the much cheaper sulfur obtained from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland, there have been 4 sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from the following fields: BMB (Barnówko – Mostno – Buszewo), Cychry and (temporarily) Górzyca.
Native sulfur is a product of volcanic exhalations origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
The native sulfur deposits occur in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in the chemical Tortonian sediments, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of the native sulfur has been carried out only from the Osiek deposit recently using the Frasch hot water method. In 2017, there was an exploitation concession issued and a deposit development plan approved for the Basznia-1 deposit. This deposit was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. It resulted in the economic resources of the native sulfur growth by about 6 million tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of the Basznia-1 deposit started. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, the native sulfur is in small amounts being obtained from the volcanic deposits. The other sulfur source, regarding the protection of the natural environment, is the recovery of the sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and lead and zinc ores. Such recovery is of the limited economic importance.
Resources and output
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
Table 1. Native sulfur - million tonnesDuring documentation of the native sulfur deposits, the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in a deposit bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
The anticipated economic resources of the native sulfur (beyond protective pillars) amount in 2023 to 499.95 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.29 million tonnes (294.89 thousand tonnes). The output of the native sulfur from the so far exploited Osiek mine has been gradually decreasing in comparison with the previous years (till 2022), however in 2023 remained at the similar level as in the last couple of years and amounted to 431.82 thousand tonnes. The exploitation from the second exploited deposit – Basznia-1 – was minor and amounted in 2023 to about 40.20 thousand tonnes. The total output of the native sulfur in 2023 was equal 472.02 thousand tonnes. In turn, in the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization, there were 22.73 thousand tonnes of sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which 22.32 thousand tonnes came from the BMB (Barnówko – Mostno – Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2023.
The prognostic resources of the native sulfur are currently being assessed at 82 million tonnes, whereas the hypothetical resources at 231 million tonnes*.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
* Gąsiewicz A., 2020 - ‘Siarka, siarka rodzima (native sulphur)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 213-217. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2022
General information and occurrence
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (the Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (the Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (the Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The declining tendency of the native sulfur output has been significantly visible in the world economy for the last couple of years. The output of the native sulfur is expensive, therefore it is being replaced by the much cheaper sulfur obtained from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland, there have been 4 sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from the following fields: BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry and (temporarily) Górzyca. In 2021 the exploitation from the Zielin field ended, so in 2022 sulfur was not recovered.
Native sulfur is a product of volcanic exhalations origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
The native sulfur deposits occur in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in the chemical Tortonian sediments, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of the native sulfur has been carried out only from the Osiek deposit recently using the Frasch hot water method. In 2017, there was an exploitation concession issued and a deposit development plan approved for the Basznia-1 deposit. This deposit was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. It resulted in the economic resources of the native sulfur growth by about 6 million tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of the Basznia-1 deposit started. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, the native sulfur is in small amounts being obtained from the volcanic deposits. The other sulfur source, regarding the protection of the natural environment, is the recovery of the sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and lead and zinc ores. Such recovery is of the limited economic importance.
Resources and output
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
During documentation of the native sulfur deposits, the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in a deposit bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
The anticipated economic resources of the native sulfur (beyond protective pillars) amount in 2022 to 500.13 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.32 million tonnes (318.42 thousand tonnes). The resources growth of the native sulfur by about 1.5 million tonnes in comparison with the previous year resulted from elaboration of “Supplement No. 1 to the Deposit development plan” for the Osiek deposit. In the supplement a part of sub-economic resources within the Vistula river protective pillar was reclassified to economic resources. The output of the native sulfur from the so far exploited Osiek mine has been gradually decreasing till 2020, however in 2022 remained at the similar level as in 2021 and amounted to 446.02 thousand tonnes. The exploitation of the recently documented Basznia-1 deposit was minor and amounted in 2022 to about 30.88 thousand tonnes. The total output of the native sulfur in 2022 was equal 476.90 thousand tonnes. In turn, in the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization, there were 22.67 thousand tonnes of sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which 22.13 thousand tonnes came from the BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2022.
The prognostic resources of the native sulfur are currently being assessed at 82 million tonnes, whereas the hypothetical resources at 231 million tonnes*.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
* Gąsiewicz A., 2020 - ‘Siarka, siarka rodzima (native sulphur)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 213-217. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2021
General information and occurrence
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (the Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (the Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (the Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The declining tendency of the native sulfur output has been visible in the world economy. The output of the native sulfur in Poland is expensive, therefore it is being replaced by the much cheaper sulfur obtained from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland, there have been four sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from the following fields: BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry, Zielin and (temporarily) Górzyca.
Native sulfur is a product of volcanic exhalations origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
The native sulfur deposits occur in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in the chemical Tortonian sediments, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of the native sulfur has been carried out only from the Osiek deposit recently using the Frasch hot water method. In 2017, there was an exploitation concession issued and a deposit development plan approved for the Basznia-1 deposit. This deposit was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. It resulted in the economic resources of the native sulfur growth by about 6 million tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of the Basznia-1 deposit started. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, the native sulfur is in small amounts being obtained from the volcanic deposits. The other sulfur source is the recovery of the sulfuric acid in the processing of copper and silver ores and lead and zinc ores. Such recovery is of the limited economic importance mainly due to the protection of the natural environment.
Resources and output
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
During documentation of the native sulfur deposits, the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in a deposit bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
The anticipated economic resources of the native sulfur amount in 2021 to 498.56 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.34 million tonnes (341.10 thousand tonnes). The slight resources growth of the native sulfur in comparison with the previous year was recorded for the Osiek deposit (about 4.8 million tonnes). It was the result of the resources correction in a mining report covering the year 2021. The output of the native sulfur from the so far exploited Osiek mine has been gradually decreasing in recent years, however it slightly grew in 2021 and amounted to 444.61 thousand tonnes. The exploitation of the recently documented Basznia-1 deposit was minor and amounted to 4.49 thousand tonnes. The total output of the native sulfur in 2021 was equal 449.10 thousand tonnes. In turn, in the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization, there were 24.24 thousand tonnes of sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which 23.32 thousand tonnes came from the BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2021.
The prognostic resources of the native sulfur are currently being assessed at 82 million tonnes, whereas the hypothetical resources at 231 million tonnes*.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
* Gąsiewicz A., 2020 - ‘Siarka, siarka rodzima (native sulphur)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 213-217. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2020
General information and occurrence
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The native sulfur output has been significantly declining in the world economy for the last couple of years. The output of the native sulfur in Poland is quite expensive, therefore it is being replaced by the much cheaper sulfur obtained from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland there are four sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry, Zielin and (temporarily) Górzyca fields.
Native sulfur is a product of a volcanic origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
The sulfur occurs in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in chemical Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of the native sulfur has been carried out only from Osiek deposit recently using the Frasch hot water method. In 2017, there was the exploitation concession issued and the deposit development plan approved for Basznia-1 deposit. The deposit was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. It resulted in the economic resources of the native sulfur growth by about 6 million tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of Basznia-1 deposit started. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, native sulfur is in small amounts being obtained from the volcanic deposits. The other sulfur source is the recovery of the sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and lead and zinc ores. Such recovery is of the limited economic importance mainly due to the protection of the natural environment.
Resources and output
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
When documenting sulfur deposits the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in deposits bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
The anticipated economic resources of the native sulfur amount in 2020 to 494.08 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.37 million tonnes (365.34 thousand tonnes). The output of native sulfur from the only active mine Osiek gradually decrease in comparison with the previous years and amounted to 417.5 thousand tonnes in 2020. The exploitation of Basznia-1 deposit was minor and in 2020 amounted to 4.9 thousand tonnes. The total output of the native sulfur in 2020 was equal 422.38 thousand tonnes. In turn, in the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization there were 24.74 thousand tonnes of the sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which 23.6 thousand tonnes came from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2020.
The prognostic resources of the native sulfur are currently being assessed at 82 million tonnes, whereas the hypothetical resources at 231 million tonnes*.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
* Gąsiewicz A., 2020 - ‘Siarka, siarka rodzima (native sulphur)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 213-217. PIG-PIB, Warszawa [in Polish].
2019
General information and occurrence
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The native sulfur output has been significantly declining in the world economy for the last couple of years. The output of the native sulfur in Poland is quite expensive, therefore it is being replaced by the much cheaper sulfur obtained from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland there are four sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry, Zielin and (temporarily) Górzyca fields.
Native sulfur is a product of a volcanic origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
The sulfur occurs in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in chemical Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of the native sulfur has been carried out only from Osiek deposit recently using the Frasch hot water method. In 2017, there was the exploitation concession issued and the deposit development plan approved for Basznia-1 deposit. The deposit was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. It resulted in the economic resources of the native sulfur growth by about 6 million tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of Basznia-1 deposit started. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, native sulfur is in small amounts being obtained from the volcanic deposits. The other sulfur source is the recovery of the sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and lead and zinc ores. Such recovery is of the limited economic importance mainly due to the protection of the natural environment.
Resources and output
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
When documenting sulfur deposits the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in deposits bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
The anticipated economic resources of the native sulfur amount in 2019 to 494.29 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.39 million tonnes (390.08 thousand tonnes). The output of native sulfur from the only active mine Osiek decreased in comparison with 2018 and amounted to 555.5 thousand tonnes. In 2019, the exploitation of Basznia-1 deposit started, however the output volume was minor and amounted to about 13 thousand tonnes. The total output of the native sulfur in 2019 was equal 568.24 thousand tonnes. In turn, in the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization there were about 25 thousand tonnes of the sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which more than 23.5 thousand tonnes came from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2019.
The prognostic resources of the native sulfur are currently being assessed at 82 million tonnes, whereas the hypothetical resources at 231 million tonnes*.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
* Gąsiewicz A., 2020 - ‘Siarka, siarka rodzima (native sulphur)’. In: ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31.12.2018 r.’ (eds. Szamałek K., Szuflicki M., Mizerski W.): 213-217. PIG-PIB, Warszawa.
2018
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The native sulfur output has been significantly declining in the world economy for the last couple of years. It is the result of the growing recovery of sulfur from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland there are four sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry, Zielin and (temporarily) Górzyca fields.
Native sulfur is a product of a volcanic origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
Sulfur occurs in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in chemical Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of native sulfur is at present limited only to Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last active large native sulfur mine in the world. In 2017 there was the concession for the exploitation issued and the deposit development plan elaborated for Basznia-1 deposit which was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. Thus, the sulfur economic resources increased by about 6 million tonnes. In 2018 the exploitation from this deposit did not start. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, native sulfur is in small amount being obtained from the volcanic deposits.
The recovery of sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and zinc and lead ores is of the limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for the protection of the natural environment.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of native sulfur deposits, whereas Table 2 shows similar data for deposits from which sulfur is obtained from the sour oil and gas fields.
When documenting sulfur deposits the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in deposits bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
Anticipated economic resources of native sulfur amount in 2018 to 502.51 million tonnes and those of sulfur from the oil and gas fields to 0.42 million tonnes (415.38 thousand tonnes). The output of native sulfur from the only one active mine Osiek amounted to 617 thousand tonnes. In the result of the oil and gas fields desulfurization there were about 23 thousand tonnes of sulfur as a by-product obtained, from which more than 22 thousand tonnes came from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo) deposit.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2018.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
2017
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
The native sulfur output has been significantly declining in the world economy for the last couple of years. It is the result of the growing recovery of sulfur from the sour gas and oil fields. In Poland there are 4 sour gas and oil fields documented. Sulfur is recovered from BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry, Zielin and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Native sulfur is a product of a volcanic origin, nevertheless in the majority it is being created in the process of the sulfates reduction (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) with the participation of bacteria and hydrocarbons.
Sulfur occurs in the above mentioned areas in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average. The output of native sulfur is at present limited only to Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. In 2017 there was the concession for the exploitation and the deposit development plan issued for Basznia-1 deposit which was allocated from the abandoned Basznia deposit. Thus, the sulfur economic resources increased by about 6 million tonnes. Except for the exploitation from underground deposits, native sulfur is in small amount being obtained from the volcanic deposits.
The recovery of sulfuric acid in the processing of copper ores and zinc and lead ores is of the limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for the protection of the natural environment.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
When documenting sulfur deposits the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in deposits bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 503.85 million tonnes in 2017. The output of sulfur in 2017 amounted to 686 thousand tonnes (Table 2). This volume includes 663 thousand tonnes of sulfur from the only mine under exploitation (Osiek) and 23 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was a by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2017.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
2016
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
Sulfur occurring in the area mentioned above is in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with a reduction of a calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in a presence of hydrocarbons. The content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average.
Poland was one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil caused a significant decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of a volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 571 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in Zielin, BMB (Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo), Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
The recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. The production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
When documenting sulfur deposits the limit values of the parameters that define the anticipated economic resources are: the minimum sulfur content in the sample contouring the deposit of 10%, the minimum average sulfur content in deposits bed of 10%, the minimum deposit richness of 75 m% and the maximum depth of deposit base of 400 m.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 504.6 million tonnes in 2016. The production of sulfur in 2016 amounted to 645 thousand tonnes(table 2). This volume includes 620.5 thousand tonnes of sulfur from Osiek deposit and 24.5 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was a by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2016.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
2015
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (map).
Sulfur occurring in the area mentioned above is in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with reduction of calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in presence of hydrocarbons. Content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25% to 30% at the average.
Poland was one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil caused a significant decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to the Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 595 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in the Zielin, BMB, Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. Production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 505 million tonnes in 2015. Production of sulfur in 2015 amounted to 651.42 thousand tonnes (table 2). This value includes 23.82 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2015.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
2014
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep.
Sulfur occurring in the area mentioned above is in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with reduction of calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in presence of hydrocarbons. Content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25 to 30% at the average.
Poland was one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil caused a significant decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to the Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 595 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in the Zielin, BMB, Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. Production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
During the documentation of sulfur deposits there are the limit values of the parameters that defines the anticipated economic resources: - minimum sulfur content in ore 10%, minimum average of sulfur content in deposit series 10%, minimum affluence of deposit 75 m% and maximum bottom depth 400 m.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 507 million tonnes in 2014. Production of sulfur in 2014 amounted to 629.62 thousand tonnes. This value includes 24.2 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2014.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
(1) A. Gąsiewicz, 2011 - ‘Siarka rodzima’ w ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31 XII 2009 r.’ pod red. S. Wołkowicza, T. Smakowskiego, S. Speczika. PIG-PIB Warszawa.
2013
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep.
Sulfur deposits occurence are presented on the map.
Sulfur occurring in the area mentioned above is in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with reduction of calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in presence of hydrocarbons. Content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25 to 30% at the average.
Poland was one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil caused a significant decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to the Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 595 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in the Zielin, BMB, Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. Production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
During the documentation of sulfur deposits there are the limit values of the parameters that defines the anticipated economic resources: - minimum sulfur content in ore 10%, minimum average of sulfur content in deposit series 10%, minimum affluence of deposit 75 m% and maximum bottom depth 400 m.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 510 million tonnes in 2013. Production of sulfur in 2013 amounted to 550.59 thousand tonnes. This value includes 24.3 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2013.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
(1) A. Gąsiewicz, 2011 - ‘Siarka rodzima’ w ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31 XII 2009 r.’ pod red. S. Wołkowicza, T. Smakowskiego, S. Speczika. PIG-PIB Warszawa.
2012
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) and Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep.
Sulfur deposits occurence are presented on the map.
Sulfur occurs in the above mentioned area in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with reduction of calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in presence of hydrocarbons. Content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25 to 30% at the average.
Poland was the one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil drastic decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to the Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 595 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in the Zielin, BMB, Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. Production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
During the documentation of sulfur deposits there are the limit values of the parameters that defines the anticipated economic resources: - minimum sulfur content in ore 10%, minimum average of sulfur content in deposit series 10%, minimum affluence of deposit 75 m% and maximum bottom depth 400 m.
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 511 million tonnes in 2012. Production of sulfur in 2012 amounted to 702.19 thousand tonnes. This value includes 25 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2012.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
(1) A. Gąsiewicz, 2011 - ‘Siarka rodzima’ w ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31 XII 2009 r.’ pod red. S. Wołkowicza, T. Smakowskiego, S. Speczika. PIG-PIB Warszawa.
2011
Native sulfur deposits occur in the vicinities of Tarnobrzeg (Osiek, Baranów, Machów and Jeziórko deposits), Staszów (Solec and Grzybów deposits) oraz Lubaczów (Basznia deposit) in northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep.
Sulfur deposits occurence are presented on the maps: general and detailed.
Sulfur occurs in the above mentioned area in the form of fillings of fissures and small cavities in Tertiary (Miocene-Torton) rocks, mainly post-gypsum limestones. Its origin was connected with reduction of calcium sulfate (gypsum) by microorganisms in presence of hydrocarbons. Content of sulfur in these rocks may reach up to 70% at the most, ranging from 25 to 30% at the average.
Poland was the one of the world’s largest producers of sulfur till the 1980s. However, the growth in the recovery of sulfur from sour natural gas and crude oil drastic decrease in importance and value of native sulfur deposits.
The production of native sulfur is at present limited to the Osiek deposit where sulfur is mined from the surface using the Frasch hot water method. The Osiek mine remains the last large native sulfur mine in the world. Outside Poland small amounts of native sulfur are produced from deposits of volcanic origin. There are four sour gas and oil fields in Poland. Their total resources of sulfur were estimated at 595 thousand tonnes. Sulfur is recovered from sour gas and oil in the Zielin, BMB, Cychry and (from time to time) Górzyca fields.
Recovery of sulfuric acid in processing of copper and zinc and lead ores is of limited economic importance, being conducted mainly for protection of the natural environment. Production of sulfuric acid on the basis of pyrites was given up several decades ago.
Prognostic and perspective sulfur resources are relatively small and amounted to 55 million tonnes and 17 million tonnes respectively(1).
Table 1 shows resources and the current state of exploration and development of sulfur deposits.
Anticipated economic resources amounted to 512 million tonnes in 2011. Production of sulfur in 2011 accounted for 681 thousand tonnes. This value includes 23 thousand tonnes of sulfur which was by-product of desulfurization of sour natural gas.
The figure given below shows changes in domestic resources and production of sulfur in Poland in the years 1989-2010.
Prepared by: Robert Bońda
(1) A. Gąsiewicz, 2011 - ‘Siarka rodzima’ w ‘Bilans perspektywicznych zasobów kopalin Polski wg stanu na 31 XII 2009 r.’ pod red. S. Wołkowicza, T. Smakowskiego, S. Speczika. PIG-PIB Warszawa.